By burning fuel (and air), an internal combustion two-wheeler engine transforms chemical energy into mechanical energy, which in turn sends power to the rear wheel. However, the engine continues to produce a lot of heat during this process, which has to be cooled in order for the motor to run smoothly. For this, various engines use various kinds of cooling systems to cool themselves. The two types that are most common are air-cooled and liquid-cooled. 

In addition, if you would like to know a little more about the engine's function and its supplementary parts, take a look at the link below.

Carbureted vs Fuel Injected Engine | REVIEWS

Air-cooled Engine

On commuters or budget-friendly bikes, or in some cases, large V-twin motorcycles such as the Harley-Davidsons, air-cooled engines are most widely used. These engines are equipped with outer fins that increase the motor's surface area, thus increasing the airflow around it. In essence, these fins create channels around the engine and use moving air as a common coolant which helps subside heat produced from the cylinder. The concept's simplicity ensures it's simpler to create and manage, and far less likely to fail. That said, on small-capacity motorcycles that generate less heat than high-performance bikes, air-cooling is the most powerful.

Advantages of Air-cooled Engine

The following benefits are given by air-cooled engines:

1. Its air-cooled engine architecture is simple.

2. Owing to the lack of water jackets, radiators, rotating pumps, and the weight of the cooling water, it is lighter in weight than water-cooled engines.

3. Manufacturing is cheaper. 

4. It requires less maintenance and treatment. 

5. This cooling system is especially beneficial when extreme climates are present. 

Arctic climates, or when water is scarce, as in deserts. 

6. No chance of frost injury, such as cracking of cylinder jackets or tubing of radiator water.

 

Liquid-Cooled Engine 

Performance motorcycles are expected to run much hotter than low-displacement motorcycles that rev higher or use higher compression ratios to extract additional power. These engines also require a dedicated liquid-cooling system that stops the motor from overheating. The idea is very familiar to cars and uses coolant, which retains excess heat through small passages across the engine. The hot coolant is then pumped through the radiator, which cools down the solution along with an outside fan and moving air. The cooled liquid is then pumped back around the turbine, taking the heat down to the optimal levels of activity.

Advantages of Liquid-Cooled Engine 

The following benefits are given by Liquid-Cooled Engine: 

1. A motorcycle with liquid-cooled engines is cleaner than an air-cooled one and more resistant to breakdown.

2. More power/torque is provided by a liquid-cooled engine than by an air-cooled one.

3. A liquid-cooled motor, as cooled by liquids, retains a higher temperature control.

4. It is easy to control liquid-cooled ones (better riding experience).

5. Liquid-cooled engines are quieter and somewhat less harsh than air-cooled engines.

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Imagine getting stuck in a traffic jam on a steep road. You have vehicles in front of you and behind you, and the road is inclined. You can’t accelerate hard enough for the car to move forward because of the car in front of you. And if you give less power, chances are that you would hit the car behind you.

What to do when your car is stopped on a steep road?

You need a Hill Start Assist.

What is Hill Start Assist?

Hill Start Assist is a feature that helps prevent roll-back when starting up again from a stopped position on an incline.

How does Hill Start Assist work?

This feature can prevent rollback on an inclined road by holding the brakes while you switch between the brakes and hitting the gas. Some versions can also prevent your car from rolling forward on a decline.

What is the science behind Hill Start Assist?

Sensors in the vehicle are used to detect when a vehicle is on an incline. The hill start assist maintains the brake pressure for a set period of time as you switch from the brakes to the gas pedal. Once you press the accelerator, it releases the brake.  In cars with a manual transmission that has this feature, the hill start assist will also maintain brake pressure until the driver lets up on the clutch.

How to make Hill Start Assist work?

Continue to approach and drive up includes such as hills as you normally would. When stopping on an incline, such as at a stop light, hold the brake using the same pressure as you normally would. As you shift your foot away from the brake pedal momentarily, the car should remain stopped instead of rolling back slightly.

We have simplified it for you in three steps:

1) STOP ON A SLOPE

Come to a complete stop on an incline, such as a hill.

2) HOLD THE BRAKE

Continue to hold the brake as you remain stopped.

3) SWITCH PEDALS

Hill-start assist holds the brake for you while you switch your foot away from the brake pedal to begin driving again.

Tip: Be sure to be aware of your surrounding while attempting the hill start assist.

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It is that time of the year when our riders are waiting for the monsoon to end. We can also say that it is riding the season of the year. For many, the serene pleasure of traveling in the cold is a delight but, to be honest, this has its own set of challenges that comes with it. Today, managing cold problems is something that every rider handles according to how relaxed they are. The mechanical difficulties that arise with the bike, on the other hand, are normal for all. So here's our detailed list to tackle the cold engine's threat, a quick start.

1. Try to kickstart

The unfortunate thing about this is that most new bikes are introduced without the possibility of a kick start. The part where the rider can not get his engine started because the battery juices are not up for it, as much as I admire the idea of reducing the rider's commitment to getting the bike running. Draining on the battery will get a bike started with electricity, particularly in cases of repeated failed attempts. A kick start comes in handy here. It is advised that the bike should be kick-started for optimal output at each interval of starting a bike, where the stopping time is over 6 hours. This assures battery and engine endurance as well. Too bad for bikes without a kick-starter, but this is your go-to choice for all the others.

2.Choke Supplying

For bikes with electronic fuel injection, this is not applicable. Make use of the small lever elsewhere on the bike for anyone else. Refer to the handbook you got with the bike at the time of delivery for the precise position depending on the model. Only pull the level to 'Up' and start the bike if you do not know how to use a choke. The bike will start or start quickly with normal revs and then change to high revs at idle. It is also advised not to hold the choke on while the bike is off and stationary, because fuel can flood the engine block.

3. Flow the fuel in the engine

Vehicles require liquids to work as a human body-their the most critical resource being petrol. It's not enough to get the bike running, particularly when it's cold, although most bikes have some fuel left over in the carburetor. For this, what you need to do is turn the gas knob from "Off" to "On" or "RES," which, if you are running low on gasoline, stands for reserve. Now, let the gasoline, which should not take longer than a few seconds, flow into the engine.

4. Moving the Motorcycle

Both the liquids appear to pool at the bottom of the crankcase, making the top portion of the gears dry if a motorcycle has been sitting idle for a long time. It should be enough to drive the bike through your parking lot or your garage. This effectively helps the gears to be lubricated with oils and eliminates the likelihood that the bike will operate with the least amount of oil.

5. Ensure the motorcycle is in operating condition

You need to have lots of petrol and a battery that is well-charged. Keeping the motorcycle properly serviced, especially in damp or cold conditions, is crucial. Fit new spark plugs, or clean the old ones, if not worn, and void. Check the timing of the ignition and change it if necessary; replace the ignition points if installed. A carburetor and clean service is also a nice idea. If they look rusty, worn, or frayed, replace the spark plug leads.  Check for the guide in your motorcycle's handbook using only manufacturer-recommended spark plugs and plug leads.

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A motorcycle suspension configuration comprises primarily two front telescopic tubes and a twin or single shock absorber swing arm mounted at the rear. Nowadays, owing to its improved performance and sporty looking characteristics, a mono-shock or single shock absorber on the rear is favored in most motorcycles. The motorcycle suspension system mainly has two goals: to control stability and maintain balance during braking and, secondly, to provide support during bumps and uneven surfaces to the rider and pillion.

1. Front Suspension:

Conventional Telescopic Forks:

The most prevalent type of front suspension is telescopic forks. The setup is very basic and takes the form of long hydraulic tubes fitted internally with a coil. In a T-clamp, the top of these forks is attached to the motorcycle's frame whereas the other end is fitted to the axle of the front wheel. In the event of road flaws, the lower part of fork bodies slip up and down the fork tubes and thus absorb the vibrations. In order to ensure the texture of operation, the interior is filled with oil and is sealed inside with an oil seal.

 

Upside Down Forks (USD):

Inverted or upside-down forks are nothing like inverted-set traditional telescopic forks. In these, although the tubes are at the bottom, the slider bodies are at the top section. These are mostly used in high-end motorcycles now for a few days, as they lower the overall unsprung weight of the motorcycle alongside growing torsional rigidity, resulting in better handling.

 

Important Terminologies:

Preload Adjustment:

This relates to the system used for changing the original suspension angle for the weight of the motorcycle and the rider acting on it.

Fork Damping:

Because of the impact of reducing, minimizing, or stopping the oscillations, it is an influence between forks.

Brake Dive:

The additional pressure on the front wheel forces the front end of the bike to go lower as the brakes are applied, resulting in fork contraction. This drop-in fork length is known as the Brake Plunge.

 

2. Rear Suspension:

Previously, the rear suspension was not used in motorcycles and only front forks ensured the consistency of the ride. However, manufactures have been implementing rear suspension with the advent of technologies and are still in use today. The key elements of the rear suspension system are the swingarm and coil springs.

 

Swingarm:

A motorcycle swingarm can be considered to be a quadrilateral section of a motorcycle in which the shorter side is attached to the chassis of the motorcycle and the rear wheel axle around which the wheel spins is bolted on the other side. The swingarm is only available on one side on certain bikes and is considered a single-sided swingarm. Although it brings the convenience of separating the rear wheel without much effort, it raises the rear suspension's unsprung weight. That's why there is no traditional use of a single-sided swingarm. Two kinds of suspension are essentially used for a swingarm:

 

Twin shock absorbers:

It refers to two shock absorbers at the backside of a motorcycle, as the name implies. Firstly used in the 1970s and 80s off-road bikes, these offered an advantage of improved rear wheel movement because of which they were highly adopted.

 

Mono Shock Absorbers:

As time progressed, for several reasons, manufacturers decided to introduce mono-shock absorbers in their motorcycles. It was discovered after studies that mono shocks provided a lot better performance than traditional twin shock absorbers. A single shock absorber is attached to the motorcycle's frame from the swingarm in this configuration. It is not directly attached to the swingarm, but instead uses a connection that helps to provide the rear with an increasing degree of damping. In comparison, mono shocks more easily extract torque from the swingarm, have improved handling and reliability, and are simpler to modify than twin shock absorbers when only one unit is used.

How does Motorcycle Handling Impact Suspension Squat?

If a motorcycle were to squat down in the rear while you started to drive from a corner, you would attempt to steer into the turn and the bike would drift to the outside, taking the weight off the front, which would not steer as well as before. At the conclusion of the session, when you got into the pits, you can ask the crew chief for a solution.

In a correctly built motorcycle, the force that opposes squat comes specifically from the drive chain, which is not parallel to the central plane of the swingarm but at an angle to it. And an anti-squat force defines the tangent of that angle. When you learn that there is an adjustable swingarm pivot height for a certain sports bike, the feature is targeted at this problem.

You change the angle between the chain when it is close and the swingarm itself by changing the height of the pivot and therefore the drop angle of the swingarm, thus altering this anti-squat effect. You will propel out of the corner without squatting and pressing until the force is able to fully balance the weight change induced by acceleration.

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