A Graphics Card is a piece of hardware for the computer that creates the image you see on a screen. The Graphics Card is

responsible for rendering an image to your computer, which is achieved by translating data into a signal that can be interpreted by your monitor. The better the graphics card, the better, and it is possible to create a clearer image. For gamers and video editors, this is clearly really relevant.

Types of Graphic cards

• Integrated - Built-in graphics on a motherboard where no add-in card is included. These are a cost-effective model, but cannot be quickly upgraded, installed into most 'normal' laptops and computers.

• Discrete - An add-in graphics card that is installed onto the motherboard as an extra component.  Ideal for those wanting to modify their system by upgrading the graphics cards. Laptops have integrated a graphic card which means that discrete graphic cards can’t be used in a laptop.

Expansion Slots

If it was a pc then you can expand your graphic card but you can’t expand your graphics card on your laptop. Since the laptop contains Integrated graphics cards the expansion is really difficult. The user usually buys the laptop with the best graphics card built-in, in order to have the best fps while gaming or video rendering.

 

Gaming and Editing

Not only are graphics cards useful for gaming, but standalone graphics cards will also support users of the picture and video editing software greatly, as they can increase the speed at which photographs can be created and help users of high-def displays.

 

Manufacturers

There are two main manufacturers of discrete graphics cards, AMD and Nvidia -  Some users have allegiances to a particular brand but each will do the same job. AMD also produce some integrated graphics option as well as the current market leader- Intel. But intel graphics cards are the worst once. They cannot do any gaming or editing. Highly recommend buying a laptop with a graphics card of AMD or Nvidia since they give really high fps while gaming and fast rendering while video editing. AMD and Nvidia are two rival brands trying to make the best graphics card.

 

Ram configuration

Current graphics cards also contain RAM memory, which is a dedicated graphics ram, but it is separate from the RAM on your PC. The size of most modern graphics cards varies from 512 MB to 8 GB, with DDR3 and GDDR5 SDRAM being the most common formats.

For players, a minimum of 1GB of memory is recommended, although this has to be matched with other features of the card and the resolution at which a game is played.

 

Output Support

Since in laptop the graphics cards are already implemented in the motherboard there is no need for output support. But you are a computer enthusiast you can also input graphics cards through output options.

• VGA (Video Graphics Array) - 15pin analog connection also known as D-Sub- This is the earliest video connector and so is the least efficient. VGA ports work well enough but other ports provide a better video quality.
• HDMI – HDMI is one of the more popular connections due to its speed and versatility. HDMI will carry both video and audio signals.

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It can be a little daunting to shop for a gaming keyboard. There are so many choices and types out there and what makes keyboards unique can be kind of difficult to find out. The good news is that things get a whole lot simpler once you've found out whether you want a mechanical or membrane keyboard.

What is a mechanical keyboard?

A mechanical keyboard is a keyboard built with key switches of high quality, usually triggered by spring. These key switches are different depending on the program or user choice of the keyboard.

What is a membrane keyboard?

A membrane keyboard is a computer keyboard whose "keys", as with most other keyboards, are not independent, moving components, but are pressure pads which have only outlines and symbols written on a smooth, flexible surface.

Here are 5 things to consider while buying a gaming keyboard.

Keyboard Size

Size is the first. Perhaps you've already found that some keyboards have a lot more keys than others. This is particularly evident in notebooks, where the screen size typically determines how many buttons on the keyboard will match.

A "full size" keyboard is one of 104 (or 105) keys, including the full alphanumeric portion of QWERTY, a dedicated number pad, dedicated feature keys, and a set of four directional cursor keys. Full-size keyboards are the largest type, which can be too large depending on the work surface. Some players notice that between their left hand and the mouse, the number pad positions so much space between the keys they need to use. But if the number pad is important to you the way to go is for a full-size keyboard.

A 'tenkeyless' size is a decent option if you can do it even without a number pad. On your desktop, it achieves a much smaller footprint by lowering the whole number pad segment. Many gamers would think the scale of tenkeyless gives them all they need.

 

Mechanical keyboard vs. Membrane keyboard

The workings of the keyboard are the second factor. By that, we imply the manner in which the keys record that they have been pressed, and how they feel and sound when pressed. A variant of "membrane" technology under each key is used by most mainstream keyboards on the market.

Thanks to the sheet of rubber or silicone that serves as both the "spring" and the electrical touch, membrane-based keyboards are cheap to produce and allow for very thin designs. Membrane keyboards are extremely flexible but frequently lack a separate "click," making it impossible to know whether you have completely pressed the key from a sensory point of view. This spongy or squishy feeling for players combined with a limited amount of main travel is just not detailed enough for their needs.

A bit of a throwback to keyboard styles from decades earlier is mechanical keyboards. A specific mechanical switch is beneath each of the buttons, which appear to be much taller than new keys. These switches have their own housings, springs, and stems and have a strong auditory and highly responsive click (some say they are "clicky").

If you take gaming seriously, if you don't have one now you'll definitely want a mechanical keyboard. Not only are they more reliable, and with more reviews, they are much stronger than regular keyboards, too. Before having to be substituted, most mechanical keys can survive 40-50 million clicks.

 

Customization and Macro Buttons

When it comes to pace and your personal tastes, the third factor is all about how the best gaming keyboard will give you an advantage. Some game keyboards come with a dedicated set of buttons that can be programmed to perform in-game macros, usually a column on the left side.

Mechanical gaming keyboards can be more modified by switching out the mechanical switches under each key. A softer spring under the WASD keys is favored, but a firmer press on the space bar to access the key? Only cut the keycap and swap the light out. 

A single keystroke is all you need to allocate a macro to a keyboard macro icon, a huge convenience, particularly if reaction times need to be brief. Surprisingly, this feature is also provided by certain gaming laptops.

 

Key Rollover and Anti-Ghosting

It's unusual for multiple keys to be pressed concurrently by using a keyboard for everyday tasks, such as typing . It's usually an error when it happens, but it doesn't matter one of those key presses is registered with the PC and which doesn't. But it's a different story when you play games—simultaneous key presses happen all the time, and every key counts.

Gaming keyboards are designed to allow simultaneous presses of up to a certain number known as "n-key rollover," where n is the number of keys that can be pressed simultaneously. You won't need a keyboard that can accommodate any single key pressed simultaneously, but the more versatile the gaming keyboard would be, the higher the "n" figure. A high n-key rollover is a must if you use the keyboard for music composition and replay applications, or for games where two players simultaneously use the keyboard.

A mysterious phenomenon known as key ghosting may also cause non-gaming keyboards to suffer. This occurs when you concurrently (or rather rapidly, one after the other) press those keys and the keyboard registers a press on an adjacent key that you have not pressed at all. When typing an email, not a huge deal, but possibly devastating when gaming!

Using a specialized wiring pattern to prevent the mixed signals associated with ghosting, a successful gaming keyboard would have anti-ghosting characteristics. Some gaming keyboards separate against ghosting unique and common key zones (such as WASD), while others go even further, separating each and every key.
 

Backlit Illumination

Dividing a gaming keyboard into the most widely used zones and then illuminating these regions with various colors during gameplay will provide a simple visual guide. The fewer you have to think about where you need to go with your fingers, the quicker you play.

Obvious versions include being able to use a backlight color for individual keys, but the zone solution also has again. In fact, even a single color backlight, such as red, may be useful if you prefer to play in darkness. Without pressuring your eyes to adapt to a bright light source, a red backlight will give you the lighting you need to see the keys in depth. Plus, there's no denying it it looks pretty good with backlit keyboards and mice.

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Parental controls are features or apps that allow you to watch and limit what your child(not necessarily) does online. There is a wide range of services that do such things as restrict and monitor websites and links, track their actions, limit their time online, and view their browsing history and correspondence. While the capabilities of parental control applications vary, others will monitor keystrokes, take screenshots of what they're doing, log conversations on multiple pages or websites, and monitor where they're doing by offering information on the location of a desktop, mobile phone, or another computer.

 

Parental Controls are used to restrict access to the network. You can limit the access other members of your family have.   For example, you may discourage younger members of your family from visiting sites that you do not believe to be fitting.

Why do I need parental control?

• Parental controls help track the children's gadgets

• Parental controls help you to monitor what your children find in search engines.

• Parental controls will block those aspects of games that your children can play.

• Parental controls can help allow you to monitor the location of your children

• Parental controls help to develop healthy cybersecurity habits

• Parental controls can set time limits for the screen

• Parental controls can help to protect an online reputation.

• Parental controls can help to back up the data

• Parental controls can teach cyber labels

One of the best ways to set up parental controls is to make them work on your router. Your router serves as a choke point in which all traffic on the Internet passes across your network. Creating parent controls here will enable you to conduct web filtering for all devices on your network—computers, smartphones, tablets, and even game consoles with built-in browsers.

 

Few routers are delivered with designed parental controls. If your router has this function, it will always be seen in the box and will usually be clarified in the manual. You should go to the web-based configuration sites of the router and set up parental controls for your system.

Many routers may not have parental controls, but you can use OpenDNS to set up parental controls on any router.

 

Furthermore, Some of the popular parental control software available include:

 

● Net Nanny (www.netnanny.com)

● Safe Eyes (www.internetsafety.com/safe-eyes-parental-control-software.php)

● CYBERsitter (www.cybersitter.com)

● WebWatcher (www.webwatcher.com)

● MMGuardian (www.mmguardian.com)

 

Although respect for privacy is essential, it should not be at the detriment of your child's welfare. Let them know that by encouraging them to have their own email address, phone, or another gadget, you reserve the right to verify how it is being used. It doesn't actually mean you don't trust them, but you want to make sure they're safe because there are weird and scary people out there that might do harm to them. In doing so, parental monitoring apps may be helpful to keep an eye on your kid when you're not personally there to track what they're doing online and who they're doing.

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Increasingly, high-end smartphones sport blazing-fast 90Hz and even 120Hz refresh rate screens. On paper, this looks amazing. It's yet another way in which smartphones strive to separate themselves from each other. But can you purchase a phone because of this new trend in display technology? It depends frankly.

The advantages of phones with a high refresh rate and even how they function are rarely well known. Although games and content can look much better, it depends a lot on the customer and the smartphone whether it's worth the extra battery usage. With all that insight, here's what you need to learn about refresh rates.

 

What is Refresh Rate?

The refresh rate is a measure of the number of times a screen redraws an image. In basic terms, a higher refresh rate means less motion blur and a much smoother picture of the picture. Most smartphones today are packed, regardless of the price, with 60Hz displays. It is measured in Hertz. A 60Hz screen refreshes 60 times per second, 90Hz is 90 times per second, and 120Hz is 120 times per second. So a screen of 120 Hz refreshes twice as fast as a screen of 60 Hz, and 4x faster than an old 30 Hz Television.

The screens aren't static. On the screen of your phone, text and motion look seamless since each pixel changes to show the new content from the processor of your smartphone. But this doesn't happen spontaneously. At frequent intervals, known as the refresh rate, panels change their content.

Faster upgrade times often result in lower lag, as the pixels are updated more regularly. For comparison, a 60Hz screen takes 16.6 ms to completely refresh, 11.1ms for 90Hz, and only 8.3ms for a 120Hz rate. The refresh rate is not the only component in the latency of the round-trip display, but it is the main contributor.

Not all 120Hz smartphone displays are produced in the same way, which is why

Your smartphone's screen doesn't refresh all at once per period though. Instead, before the entire monitor changes at the appropriate rate, each horizontal row of pixels refreshes in turn. When you record a screen in slow motion, you can see this in effect and it's the reason why screens flicker if you view them through the viewfinder of your mobile camera. In other words, the display is continually updated and loading, but it takes time for one full update to complete the loop.

 

Should I get a phone with a high refresh rate?

In modern smartphones, especially in the premium market, 90Hz and 120Hz displays are increasingly popular. In inexpensive mid-tier handsets as well, the role is also increasingly available.

That being said, a small part of the display specs of a smartphone is the refresh rate. It's obviously not a big enough attribute to focus the whole purchase on. Ultimately, factors such as color gamut, contrast, white temperature, and resolution have an equally significant effect on the screen output of your phone.

 

If you still have your heart fixed on a higher refresh rate, here are only a couple of the best 90Hz or 120Hz displays for rocking phones:

Samsung Galaxy S20 5G – 120Hz display

OnePlus 7T – 90Hz display

Realme X50 Pro 5G – 90Hz display

Asus ROG Phone 2 – 120Hz display

Google Pixel 4 XL – 90Hz display

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